Essay --

Chantin BullockHistorical Methodologies The warmth of all suns PrecisDecember 11th, 2013 The Warmth of all suns is a collection of ternion peoples experiences in the Jim Crow south and how they was able to leave the South and heading to the north which was part of The Great Migration. The Great Migration was one of the just about unsought after events in American History. From 1910 to 1960 over 6 million African Americans moved from the rural areas of the south to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and west. African Americans had become an change population because over eighty percent of African Americans lived in cities. Since 1970 African Americans began returning to the south which is also called the reverse migration or New Great Migration.The chief(prenominal) theme of this book is to not only provide information of the great migration, but for the reader to see the obsticles the three individuals had to encounter in order to break the courage to finally leave a place where the y werent treated as human beings. They decided to leave to pursuit a better life, nearly left to save their own lives. ... Essay -- Chantin BullockHistorical Methodologies The warmth of all suns PrecisDecember 11th, 2013 The Warmth of all suns is a collection of three peoples experiences in the Jim Crow south and how they was able to leave the South and heading to the north which was part of The Great Migration. The Great Migration was one of the well-nigh unsought after events in American History. From 1910 to 1960 over 6 million African Americans moved from the rural areas of the south to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and west. African Americans had become an modify population because over eighty percent of African Americans lived in cities. Since 1970 African Americans began returning to the south which is also called the reverse migration or New Great Migration.The briny theme of this book is to not only provide information of the great migration, but for the reader to see the obsticles the three individuals had to encounter in order to flummox the courage to finally leave a place where they werent treated as human beings. They decided to leave to pursuit a better life, some left to save their own lives. ...

American Caplitalist Governement Essay -- essays research papers fc

"We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness -- That to secure these Rights, judicatures are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed, that whenever any Form of Govern handst becomes destructive of these Ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its Foundation on such Principles, and organizing its Powers in such Form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness." (Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence) When Thomas Jefferson wrote these words, he wrote them with the intent of establishing a new disposal that would not give anyone discrimination over others. After 224 years, this idea is still believed in by the citizens of America, but not practiced by their government. As th e years passed, the values of America pull in slowly altered to materialism. The people trusted our government to make the best decisions for the entire country, but some decisions seem to favor the wealthiest citizens rather than all of the citizens. non to say that the government is completely corrupt, but their priorities seem to have a monetary value, and they must pay for it some how. As a country with a capitalist government, one that has the main focus of making profit through free markets, money has an unfortunately big influence on policies that are do by the government. According to the public, which was based on middle-class adults in the US, business editors and college students, the general consensus came out to be that they believed that "capitalism must be altered in front any significant improvements in human welfare can be realized." This can be seen throughout history in the positions taken by the government about free markets, unionization, and . The U nited States of Americas government is hyper-capitalistic, because the markets are freer than in any other country. We consume more and are more dependent on working. The markets in the US have not always been so free. In the beginning we had small markets that people did not depend so much on because of the incident that they were all farmers and sharecroppers. The existence of slavery was in very recent in history... ...d States put down its unions. In the United States, we have always believed that all men are created equal. Americans, however, know that even though we were created equal, we are not treated equally. The rich are the V.I.P to the government. They are taken care of well, and pampered with money and privileges that the other unspoken working Americans deserve more than them. We are in the age of profits, and if the government does not see any monetary value in something, they will not bother with it, even if it is its own people. Bibliography Peterson, Robert A., Gerald Albaum, and George Kozmetsky.Modern American Capitalism. New York Quorum Books, 1990. Perlo, Victor. Superprofits and Crises Modern U.S. Capitalism. New York International Publishers, 1988. Frances Fox Piven and Richard Cloward, Chapter 3 from Poor Peoples Movements Why they Succeed, How they Fail,(Vintage, 1977), pp96-180. Lembcke, Jerry. Capitalist Development and twelvemonth Capacities Marxist Theory and Union Organization. New YorkGreenwood Press, 1988. Joel Roers and Joshua Cohen, On Democracy, (Penguin, 1983), Chapter Six, "Democracy", pp146-183. "Industrial Revolution" Encarta Encyclopedia

Unfair Treatment of Immigrant Workers :: essays research papers

As the airbus 300 make its final approach on San Francisco international airport, I saw the roaring Gate Bridge sitting on its splendor lit by the rising sun. I therefore unlikable my eyes and verbalize to myself I am finally here. Thus, my journey in search of a better life began. A few minutes afterward I was onward the plane and was already making my way to the customs and immigration check point. I handed my papers to the immigrations agent, he took a hang at my passing play and documents and without needing all questions handed them back to me, smiled and said, Welcome to the United States.Two months after arriving in the United States, I found myself encountering long hours and try with homesickness. I in addition discovered the racial tensions and discriminations that were directed at every orthogonal Information Technology worker. My discovery was also augment by the comments made by whiz of my white Ameri end born co-worker named Al. He said, We are being inv aded here, they are taking away our jobs- referring to the arrivals of to a greater extent and more inappropriate IT workers. Not scarcely that, my company was also discriminating us and we were not properly compensated as the signed signal indicated. in the lead a foreign national could work for a United States company and could come to work in the United States, a contract is required by the Department of turn over that would state how much this particular person would be paid, and that the salary must not be lower or greater than the authoritative existing profits on his subject of specialty. Then, the company must submit that same contract to the Department of Justice before a visa could be issued. In my shift and for many other foreign workers, our contract which was approved by both departments was breached. We were not even paid half of what the signed contract stated. We worked long hours without compensation. And by the end of the grade our W2s proved it. And ev ery time we asked or complained, the company would then ask us how much our salary was in the Philippines, and then they would ask us to contrast it to what we are making here. And if that answer would not satisfy us, they then would threaten to cancel our visa. Therefore, all I can do is bunco game my tongue, put up and look at the bright side- I am are here and someday I will go far my greencard and I then will be able to live the American dream.Unfair Treatment of Immigrant Workers essays research papersAs the airbus 300 made its final approach along San Francisco international airport, I saw the Golden Gate Bridge sitting on its splendor lit by the rising sun. I then closed my eyes and said to myself I am finally here. Thus, my journey in search of a better life began. A few minutes later I was off the plane and was already making my way to the customs and immigration check point. I handed my papers to the immigrations agent, he took a look at my passport and documents and without asking any questions handed them back to me, smiled and said, Welcome to the United States.Two months after arriving in the United States, I found myself work long hours and struggling with homesickness. I also discovered the racial tensions and discriminations that were directed at every foreign Information Technology worker. My discovery was also augmented by the comments made by one of my white American born co-worker named Al. He said, We are being invaded here, they are taking away our jobs- referring to the arrivals of more and more foreign IT workers. Not only that, my company was also discriminating us and we were not properly compensated as the signed contract indicated. Before a foreign national could work for a United States company and could come to work in the United States, a contract is required by the Department of Labor that would state how much this particular person would be paid, and that the salary must not be lower or greater than the current existing wage on his field of specialty. Then, the company must submit that same contract to the Department of Justice before a visa could be issued. In my case and for many other foreign workers, our contract which was approved by both departments was breached. We were not even paid half of what the signed contract stated. We worked long hours without compensation. And by the end of the year our W2s proved it. And every time we asked or complained, the company would then ask us how much our salary was in the Philippines, and then they would ask us to compare it to what we are making here. And if that answer would not satisfy us, they then would threaten to cancel our visa. Therefore, all I can do is bite my tongue, put up and look at the bright side- I am are here and someday I will get my greencard and I then will be able to live the American dream.Unfair Treatment of Immigrant Workers essays research papersAs the airbus 300 made its final approach along San Francisco international air port, I saw the Golden Gate Bridge sitting on its splendor lit by the rising sun. I then closed my eyes and said to myself I am finally here. Thus, my journey in search of a better life began. A few minutes later I was off the plane and was already making my way to the customs and immigration check point. I handed my papers to the immigrations agent, he took a look at my passport and documents and without asking any questions handed them back to me, smiled and said, Welcome to the United States.Two months after arriving in the United States, I found myself working long hours and struggling with homesickness. I also discovered the racial tensions and discriminations that were directed at every foreign Information Technology worker. My discovery was also augmented by the comments made by one of my white American born co-worker named Al. He said, We are being invaded here, they are taking away our jobs- referring to the arrivals of more and more foreign IT workers. Not only that, my co mpany was also discriminating us and we were not properly compensated as the signed contract indicated. Before a foreign national could work for a United States company and could come to work in the United States, a contract is required by the Department of Labor that would state how much this particular person would be paid, and that the salary must not be lower or greater than the current existing wage on his field of specialty. Then, the company must submit that same contract to the Department of Justice before a visa could be issued. In my case and for many other foreign workers, our contract which was approved by both departments was breached. We were not even paid half of what the signed contract stated. We worked long hours without compensation. And by the end of the year our W2s proved it. And every time we asked or complained, the company would then ask us how much our salary was in the Philippines, and then they would ask us to compare it to what we are making here. And if that answer would not satisfy us, they then would threaten to cancel our visa. Therefore, all I can do is bite my tongue, put up and look at the bright side- I am are here and someday I will get my greencard and I then will be able to live the American dream.

A Humorous Distillation of Antigone by Maurice Sagoff :: essays research papers

A Humorous Distillation of Antigone by Maurice Sagoff This poem isquite successful in getting the plot across to the reader.Unfortunatly, that is every he foundation get across because of hisbeleif that, "inside every fat book is a skinny book trying toget out." Sargoff cannot have office descriptions, themes,or any real detail in his "skinny book" because of his beleifs.Sargoff leaves off why Polynices should not be burried andwhy his brother, who is not even menchoned, can beburried. This is important to building the feelings of contempttowards Creon and an understanding of what Antigone isdoing. Also, because this is a "Humorous Distillation," thetone of the recreate is lost. Instead of being a dramatic play nearly obeying a higher law, it is a comical, rhyming poemabout what happened. This may cause it to lose the impact ithad. Sargoff reduces important and pivotal points in thestory to a sentence such as, "Creon wilts, and tries to bang aU-ee.&quo t This sentence does not tell of Creons attempt torepent for what he has done by burrying Polynices and thengoing to stark Antigone. Even if Sargoff gets all of the plotacross, that is not enough to tell the whole story. AristotelianUnities Yes, Antigone does follow the Aristotelian Unities.The play occurs in the same place and roughly the sametime. Things that happened before the play or outside of theplace, was told by a messenger or a character themself. Theaction was all centered some Antigones actions. Heractions were the sole cause of everything that happened.Greek Tragedy Antigone does follow the Greek definition oftragedy. Tragedy is a story or play that has a signifigantconflict of morals, with a noble protagonist displaying atragic flaw that is their strength but leads to their downfall.The exposition of the story is when Antigone is talking withher sister and we learn of what has happened. The turningpoint of this play is when Creon tries to mend his wrongs byburying P olynices and freeing Antigone. Antigone herself isthe tragic hero because she dies for what she believesmorally right. Antigones tragic flaw is that she has only seesher point of view which leads to her death. The denouementof this story is everybody destruction and then Creon realizingwhat he has caused. The song of the story is attenden tothrouhg the chorus comentating on what is happening or

Cambodia - The Rise of the Khmer Rouge and the Genocide (1976-1978) Ess

During the Khmer Rouge regime, Cambodia was turned into a giant labor camp creating a system of terror, genocide, and attempted ethnic annihilation-a series of forceful events that the country is still recovering from. The years contained within this regime were devastating for the nation of Cambodia, with the establishment of the Khmer Rouge, a left-wing commie political party whose actions demand had an overwhelmingly detrimental effect on the political, economic and social structure of Cambodia-ruining the lives of millions.As a strong communist organization with aims for Cambodia that would leave the country in dire need of help, the Khmer Rouge defectively impacted the easy-going life Cambodians knew. With much determination, the Khmer Rouge was an insurgent movement of varying ideological backgrounds developed against the Lon Nol regime in 1960 (Rowat 2006). It began as a left-wing organization made up of a small group of French educated communists, but soon grew to become C ambodia?s leading and most(prenominal) influential political party. Following the establishment of the party, the Khmer Rouge?s revolutionary army grew rapidly, aiming to consolidate its control taking over most of the country (Dennis 1988). Their leader Pol Pot was an admirer of Maoist communism, which is where the group?s strong communist ideas originated. Pol Pot?s ideologies for the future of Cambodia were rattling corrupted and powerfully triggered the downfall of the nation of Cambodia (Peace Pledge Union 2007). Pol Pot wanted to wipe out all traces of the old Cambodia and start a new society, one that was strictly ordered and structured by a series of rules. With the Khmer Rouge becoming even more powerful in the truly late 1960s, US bombers interfered to st... ... 30 000 Vietnamese. In December of 1977, the Khmer Rouge broke off diplomatic relations with Vietnam, who retaliated with an attack 30 km into Cambodia in 1978 (Sutherland 1990, p. 158). Upon occupation, the Vie tnamese were welcomed at first by the Cambodians as their saviours from the Khmer Rouge extremists (Sutherland 1990, p. 161).During the Khmer Rouge regime, Cambodia was turned into a giant labour camp creating a system of terror, genocide, and attempted cultural annihilation, a series of drastic events that the country is still recovering from. The years contained within this regime were devastating for the nation of Cambodia, with the establishment of the Khmer Rouge, a left-wing Communist political party whose actions have had an overwhelmingly detrimental effect on the political, economic and social structure of Cambodia, ruining the lives of millions.

Cambodia - The Rise of the Khmer Rouge and the Genocide (1976-1978) Ess

During the Khmer Rouge regime, Cambodia was turned into a giant labor camp creating a system of terror, genocide, and attempted cultural annihilation-a series of drastic events that the country is still recovering from. The years contained within this regime were devastating for the nation of Cambodia, with the establishment of the Khmer Rouge, a left-wing communistic political party whose actions give up had an overwhelmingly detrimental effect on the political, economic and social structure of Cambodia-ruining the lives of millions.As a strong communist organization with aims for Cambodia that would leave the country in dire need of help, the Khmer Rouge defectively impacted the easy-going life Cambodians knew. With much determination, the Khmer Rouge was an insurgent movement of varying ideological backgrounds developed against the Lon Nol regime in 1960 (Rowat 2006). It began as a left-wing organization made up of a small group of French educated communists, but soon grew to b ecome Cambodia?s leading and most influential political party. Following the establishment of the party, the Khmer Rouge?s revolutionary army grew rapidly, aiming to consolidate its control taking over most of the country (Dennis 1988). Their leader Pol Pot was an admirer of Maoist communism, which is where the group?s strong communist ideas originated. Pol Pot?s ideologies for the future of Cambodia were genuinely corrupted and powerfully triggered the downfall of the nation of Cambodia (Peace Pledge Union 2007). Pol Pot wanted to wipe out all traces of the old Cambodia and start a new society, one that was strictly ordered and structured by a series of rules. With the Khmer Rouge becoming even more powerful in the very(prenominal) late 1960s, US bombers interfered to st... ... 30 000 Vietnamese. In December of 1977, the Khmer Rouge broke off diplomatic relations with Vietnam, who retaliated with an attack 30 km into Cambodia in 1978 (Sutherland 1990, p. 158). Upon occupation, t he Vietnamese were welcomed at first by the Cambodians as their saviours from the Khmer Rouge extremists (Sutherland 1990, p. 161).During the Khmer Rouge regime, Cambodia was turned into a giant labour camp creating a system of terror, genocide, and attempted cultural annihilation, a series of drastic events that the country is still recovering from. The years contained within this regime were devastating for the nation of Cambodia, with the establishment of the Khmer Rouge, a left-wing Communist political party whose actions have had an overwhelmingly detrimental effect on the political, economic and social structure of Cambodia, ruining the lives of millions.

Educational Administration and leadership

These argon the most salient occupations that the super faces in her rising job. (i) Complacency This is the widely distributed contentment with the raise of affairs in the district arranging. In my opinion this is most salient of the problems since it presents a culture that has taken beat to develop. Its effects ar that the stakeh sometime(a)ers fail to see their vulnerabilities and do non see the need to alteration. This culture is deeply ingrained in amity district such that any front to bring change go forth definitely be resisted and this is not something thats going to be resolved easily.As it is a mind that has learnt to think in a certain pattern will not easily be taught otherwise. The atomic turn 18as of complacency include Non-compliance with the teaching evaluation program The train district centering team, teachers and parents have gotten utilize to not complying with these rules and it will take firm action to understand compliance. (ii) Inequities r acial and poverty segregation This presents a special problem to the receipts of the district schoolhouse governance. This is a major obstacle not just to the school scheme but to the organic evolution of the entire region.The effects segregation are deep rooted and not easily resolved. Segregation is a social evil that requires diligent and patient campaign. It adversely affects the education system because when a school is economically segregated and under funded it affects the spending and consequently the quality of a school. This in turn affects the performance. (iii) Personnel This is a comprehensive problem. The majority of teachers are old and waiting for the age to retire. This means that they are not so keen on utilizing the modern methods of teaching. Their teaching style is out-dated and is not relevant to at onces changing world.They do not prepare their learners to be adequately prepared for the challenges of todays world. The superintendent has to ensure that t he situate polity is followed and that teaching models used prepare students adequately. This problem is not very easy to resolve since the superintendent cannot hire or retire teachers. However wiz of the actions will be to ensure that the province mandate is complied with and all teachers evaluated regularly. The teaching models have to be up to date and should take into account the changing occasion of education in todays world. iv)Financial mismanagement This is a form of corruption and the problem with any form of corruption is that those who practice it will forever fight post any efforts to stop them. However this problem is put as the fourth priority because its slightly easier to resolve. These are always laid down procedures in all financial undertakings and the superintendent will have to ensure transparency and accountability by for instance putting in place an independent take stock committee that will look into the books of accounts and ensure that no monetary election are misappropriated.The superintendent will ensure that financial regulations that worry the school system are followed. An audit committee will also be formed to examine all the books of accounts. Another strategy is will be ensuring that the responsibility of overseeing the bud defineing and appropriation of funds does not lie on an individual/person but on a board to take care of this important responsibility. (v) Lack of support from assistants The 3 associates superintendents have openly disclosed their diverted interests. The fact that they didnt get the coveted position makes them not be the best working mates.Their support willingly given would go a long way in ensuring the success of the changes that need to be made. Without it the superintendents job becomes more challenging. (vi) Low train of education among parents Parents who have not attended college are less likely to encourage their children to seek further education in colleges. This has led to the smal l number of students furthering their education after(prenominal) high school and to some extent the low population of students attending high school in the district. (vii) Indiscipline Scholl indiscipline is describe in the schools closest to the metropolitan centre.This is a thorny issue that postulate to be urgently addressed since the potential of disrupting learning and aversely affected performance. Solutions Complacency This problem will take a lot of firmness and strength of will on the part of the superintendent. It is not going to be easy to inspire change to the people especially with the three associate superintendents not promising any support. However it can be done through the following steps position down the problem of pointing the vision for the future. Ensuring proper and effective communication with the stakeholders.This will ensure that people own the process or at least spirit why the changes must be made. Taking firm action in areas of complacency. En sure that areas are non-compliance with the state mandate and so forth. Personnel This is a countrywide problem. The majority of teachers are old and waiting for the age to retire. This means that they are not so keen on utilizing the modern methods of teaching. Their teaching style is out-dated and is not relevant to todays changing world. They do not prepare their students to be adequately prepared for the challenges of todays world.The superintendent has to ensure that the state mandate is followed and that teaching models used prepare students adequately. This problem is not very easy to resolve since the superintendent cannot hire or retire teachers. However one of the actions will be to ensure that the state mandate is complied with and all teachers evaluated regularly. The teaching models have to be up to date and should take into account the changing role of education in todays world. Financial mismanagement This is a form of corruption and the problem with any form of corru ption is that those who practice it will always fight back any efforts to stop them.However this problem is put as the fourth priority because its slightly easier to resolve. These are always laid down procedures in all financial undertakings and the superintendent will have to ensure transparency and accountability by for instance putting in place an independent audit committee that will look into the books of accounts and ensure that no funds are misappropriated. The superintendent will ensure that financial regulations that concern the school system are followed. An audit committee will also be formed to examine all the books of accounts.Another strategy is will be ensuring that the responsibility of overseeing the budgeting and appropriation of funds doesnt lie on an individual/ person but forms are board to take care of this important responsibility. gesture 2 (i) One of the first personnel decisions the superintendent will make will be to increase the number of staff at the p rofessional development office. This is from understanding that this office plays a crucial role in the district. It is the office charged with the responsibility of managing the school districts teacher evaluation system. currently teacher evaluation has not been chance in accordance to the state mandate. One staff member is not able to accomplish all that needs to be done. This office is also charged with the responsibility of giving assistance and support to new teachers. The fact that this office has not been functional in the uttermost many years has affected the orientation process for the new teachers in the district. Having nowhere to turn to they now seek help from principals and other experienced teachers indoors their schools.These principals and teachers may be too busy or may not be objective in their giving of assistance. This has led to new teachers not be properly oriented. This will in turn affect their future work. Again this department will make it possible to motivate and boost the morale of the new teachers. (ii) Initiate comprehensive staff development program This program will be designed with the view of training teachers and will incorporate improvement plans. The time for planning will be set out in the program and the teachers being trained will be exempted from their normal responsibilities.The superintendent will pep up to the district board the adoption of performance pay policy for school principals who show remarkable performance. This will serve to encourage principals to spur the teacher inside their schools to work even out harder with their students so that they may improve their performance. This is in accordance to the human resource concept of giving incentives to outstanding performance in rank to motivate them. Question 3. A curriculum philosophy refers to a set of values, beliefs and ideologies that guide educational administrators in the execution of their day to day duties.The numerous challenges liner Harmon y District School system calls for a superintendent with a focused mind, one who is able to dissect through the problems of the school system and on that pointafter offer long lasting solutions to the inequities rampant in the area, the lax educational administrators , the dysfunctional teacher support services as well as the grim performance of the schools , the increasingly agitated parents, the ignorant the ignorant and unsupportive parents all require a superintendent with a strong philosophy.A strong and duplicatable curriculum philosophy is not only a guide to the superintendent but also serves as guidance to the whole district school system in dealing with the existing challenges and issues. The superintendent will have to borrow from similar cases in other systems especially from where they are transferring from. Additionally, the superintendent will blaspheme heavily on the almost 30years field experience to deal with the staff as well as the parent body which clearly a re not functioning in a manner likely to yield into a synergetic effect. Performance is the greatest challenge for the incoming superintendent.The statistics clearly point to a scenario whereby only very few students make it to the grade level. A comparative. As the new superintendent, the following curriculum if followed would result in the school system reappearance new strengths and therefore uplifting the school performance. By emphasizing on non-compromise to quality, the superintendent will ensure that through remedy management staff, and especially thusly 253 veterans will use traditional instructional methods and have gone un-inspected for 5 years are inspected and such incidences do not recur in future.normally such occurrences are caused by laxity on the part of the associate superintendents as well as the superintendent. If such a problem occurs at the superintendents office, this can only mean that takingss are worse off in the schools. This has a bearing on the moti vation of teachers as well as of the students and therefore performance is affected. Specifically, to bring the poor performing schools in the north area feeder system would simply require adherence to state mandate on inspection and evaluation, addressing the inequality issues such as resources, enough teachers and enough administrators.Integration as a curriculum philosophy calls for amalgamation of the school system into the needs of the students and parents with an aim of ensuring that the schools provide and impart self sustaining education. By achieving the above, the superintendent is able to save the whole school system. The involvement of the local community in all of the above measures is of core importance in that the community is a big stake holder of the school and therefore all measures must get the approval of the community in the sense that it is the community that naturally should benefit from the school system.Currently that is not the case because the school syste m has ceased to adhere to state mandate rules and regulations. 4) You are to assume that Harmony School District is in a state with precisely the same laws as yours. You are concerned that the student performance data is evidence of inequities in the system and you are concerned that the school district has become complacent with these inequities. What problems presented in this case are related to to issues of power and domination?Harmony school district must be made to deal with the rampant cases of inequities. The worst thing is the fact that this inequities currently happening do happen under the watch of the law enforcers. The superintendent is mandated to oversee the whole school system in the district. The law has to some degree defend the marginalized communities from discrimination and unfair treatment but at the same time it has failed to freely address the problem which studies have shown as a major ratifier to poor performance in some schools in the Harmony school dist rict.The above mentioned problems can only be addressed through the implementation of the state laws regarding education and which calls for and guarantees equal opportunities in the school system regardless of ones racial background. Although the law has been in place for decades it is spare that, it has not dealt and addresses the problems conclusively and effectively. Therefore there is a need for a more concerted effort towards the protection of the minority groups especially in the African-American community whose entry to grade level is pathetic and wanting.The other legislation which needs urgent review is the school administration Act which calls for all education officials to be vigilant in make sure that the laxity observed in the school system for the past 5 years is done away with. Specifically, the following issues need urgent aid from the superintendent Resource allocation is another issue, the fact that there is only one professional development staff is an indica tor of neglected and dysfunctional school system. This can only be referred to as lack o human resource and it is a pointer to inequality in the resource distribution in theHarmony schools districts. The fact that, the schools have not had, their classroom buildings repaired for the past 5 years is a further testimony that the system is fully mismanaged and there is iniquity in resource allocation. There is a need for equitable resource allocation from the state education department with an aim of ensuring that all schools no matter their locations or the social class have access to equal and adequate learning facilities including all necessary resources such as teachers, staff and materials.Without equitable resource distribution the pertinent issues of poor performance as well as other challenges facing the school system shall continue to haunt the school system and the superintendent in charge. Therefore the funding of the schools in the country need to be looked at afresh with an aim of helping out places like Harmony schools districts which is facing unprecedented challenges. The numerous sit-ins by parents is something which the superintendent needs to be wary about mainly because the trend may lead to general disturbances in the schools further affecting performance.This becomes a reality due to the fact that, if the parents are taking part in sit-ins or strikes then the children may take after them and the situation may further complicates an already complicated situation. The issue of power and domination is evident in the school system. The fact that, the white students perform better than others from other backgrounds is a pointer of power wars in the schools which may imply a dominance by children from well to do parents.Dominance is also evident in the way the parents who work in the nearby town in professional jobs are more active in the affairs of the school and even have seconded representatives to board meetings. This is an indicator that, th e above are advantages as compared to their colleagues who do blue-color jobs who do not actively participate in the day to day track o the schools. Finally this is reflected in the performance of students therefore resulting into inequities.

Why do Nurses earn less than rock stars?

There ar many reasons as to why nurses earn less than sway sentiences. The first, near grave one, is to recognise that we be comparing these two respective salaries on a statistical basis, most likely average such as a mean, or median wage. We must take into account the range of salaries, to see how much(prenominal) the data we are comparing is skewed. A nurses salary cannot really vary much, as rates in hospitals (in the same area) exit be similar, only varying slightly for higher positions within the nursing duty. This is in complete contrast to what rock stars can earn some can earn just $10 an hour, despite enjoying tremendous stick outularity. Others, however, can earn millions and billions, and therefore, this will mean that the results for pop stars remuneration will be skewed, given the wide range of salaries.Wages are set very much like price is by market equilibrium. flavour at the labour market, we can see that, once immensely popular, petition for an artist becomes very nonresi catch ones breathnt mess will buy his merchandise level(p) if the price increases quite a lot. Supply for nurses, on the other hand, may be elastic, as there are plenty of individuals who are willing to punish and seek employment in that field, assuming that the skills required arent very troublesome to come by (to enter the profession). On the other hand, it can be argued that impart for artists is inelastic, due to the relatively small numbers of people in the indus find out. This public debate can easily be refuted by pointing out the hordes of riff-raff and other emotional junkies who fancy man towards an illustrious life history of fame and fortune, and attempt to become rock-stars.However, if they are not famed or are deemed lacking of the talent needed to earn that label, they will most likely not be counted as a rock star and they will find it hard to enter the music industry and therefore their efforts will be in vain, and they will be disc ounted by those seeking to bring in their fortune by accumulating and manipulating market trends. Thus, we can see that demand and put up is inelastic for rock stars, while elastic for nurses. If you draw a demand and supply diagram, who will be able to see that the rock stars wages will be determined by a higher market equilibrium than their hospital-working (female) counterparts.fixity of labour is some other thing which contribute towards the supply of the respective professions. Being a rock star is unlikely to be one of the first or main jobs an individual will undertake in his life. Thus, stars will probably eat up other vocational skills ready to be of use if they suffer an untimely demise at the hands of fickle fans. This will encourage people to try and become rock-stars as they will be able to find another job later or before they strike success. Nurses, on the other hand, mother less of a reason to be as occupationally mobile, as their career is more likely to be a steady, longer one, quite predictable in nature. This would mean that nurses would work to aim to try and stay in that profession for a long period of time, which may actually discourage some people from becoming nurses. However, the mobility of labour seems o have little impact in actuality as it seems that this would make supply of labour more inelastic and elastic for nurses and pop stars respectively. Geographical mobility of labour also seems to have little bearing on the supply of labour.Lastly, there are many benefits to be gained from each profession. Rock stars have the opportunity to make millions very quickly, become famous, recognised and more influential. Nurses benefits lie more in the vicinity of pension payments, and possibly the knowledge that you are support the community. These seem to be the main reasons as to why nurses get remunerative less than pop-stars.Why do Nurses earn less than rock stars?There are many reasons as to why nurses earn less than rock star s. The first, most important one, is to recognise that we are comparing these two respective salaries on a statistical basis, most likely average such as a mean, or median wage. We must take into account the range of salaries, to see how much the data we are comparing is skewed. A nurses salary cannot really vary much, as rates in hospitals (in the same area) will be similar, only varying slightly for higher positions within the nursing profession. This is in complete contrast to what rock stars can earn some can earn just $10 an hour, despite enjoying tremendous popularity. Others, however, can earn millions and billions, and therefore, this will mean that the results for pop stars wages will be skewed, given the wide range of salaries.Wages are set very much like price is by market equilibrium. Looking at the labour market, we can see that, once immensely popular, demand for an artist becomes very inelastic people will buy his merchandise even if the price increases quite a lot . Supply for nurses, on the other hand, may be elastic, as there are plenty of individuals who are willing to try and seek employment in that field, assuming that the skills required arent very hard to come by (to enter the profession). On the other hand, it can be argued that supply for artists is inelastic, due to the relatively small numbers of people in the industry. This argument can easily be refuted by pointing out the hordes of riff-raff and other emotional junkies who pander towards an illustrious career of fame and fortune, and attempt to become rock-stars.However, if they are not famous or are deemed lacking of the talent needed to earn that label, they will most likely not be counted as a rock star and they will find it hard to enter the music industry and therefore their efforts will be in vain, and they will be discounted by those seeking to make their fortune by accumulating and manipulating market trends. Thus, we can see that demand and supply is inelastic for rock stars, while elastic for nurses. If you draw a demand and supply diagram, who will be able to see that the rock stars wages will be determined by a higher market equilibrium than their hospital-working (female) counterparts.Immobility of labour is another thing which contribute towards the supply of the respective professions. Being a rock star is unlikely to be one of the first or main jobs an individual will undertake in his life. Thus, stars will probably have other vocational skills ready to be of use if they suffer an untimely demise at the hands of fickle fans. This will encourage people to try and become rock-stars as they will be able to find another job later or before they strike success.Nurses, on the other hand, have less of a reason to be as occupationally mobile, as their career is more likely to be a steady, longer one, quite predictable in nature. This would mean that nurses would have to aim to try and stay in that profession for a long period of time, which may act ually discourage some people from becoming nurses. However, the mobility of labour seems o have little impact in actuality as it seems that this would make supply of labour more inelastic and elastic for nurses and pop stars respectively. Geographical mobility of labour also seems to have little bearing on the supply of labour.Lastly, there are many benefits to be gained from each profession. Rock stars have the opportunity to make millions very quickly, become famous, recognised and more influential. Nurses benefits lie more in the vicinity of pension payments, and possibly the knowledge that you are helping the community. These seem to be the main reasons as to why nurses get paid less than pop-stars.

How Smart phone impact on Human life Essay

World is ever changing and advancing in the science and technology. These solar days it seems hard to guide the presence of technology. Most people will praise the many proficient gad uprises that they aim in their everyday have sexs. Many of us depend on it to get us through the day, to do our roleplay, to get around, and to be in touch with the society, family and friends. Technology is evolving at a very fast rate, and what most people did non even think could be real a few years ago is now becoming a realism. Some of the most important technological device is smart phones.It has greatly affected many smells of our lives. Today the Smart phones, high-end fluid phones built on a mobile computing platform, with to a greater extent go on computing ability and connectivity than a contemporary feature phone, argon now replacing Personal Computers (PCs). They render now taken the creation by storm, and a lot of people could not imagine what life would now be like if they did not have the internet, email, and chat features on their phones at their disposal.According to the shielder newspaper in U.K. (on 4 August 2011), smart phones (such as Blackberries, iPhones and Androids) sales increased from 4% in 2005 to 48% in 2011, 50% of people guide to substance abuse the mobile internet equally at sign and outside their residence, 47% of teenagers admit using their smart phones in the toilet while only if 22% of prominents confessed to the same habit, and mobile-addicted teens are to a greater extent likely than adults to be distracted by their phones over dinner and in the cinema.Statement of the problemSmart phones have become an attractive option for sensing homosexual and sociable behavior. As phones are usually kept in relatively close proximity and concord many efficacious sensors that stinker record contextual and user activity cues (e.g. location, application usage and calling behavior). They can be effectively used in everyday life. This research focuses on Impact of Smartphone on human lifeObjective of the studyThe objective of this study is to find out how Smartphones are impacting the human life as changing the life style and culture. And also to understand the confirmatory and negative aspects of Smartphone on the society. This study will focus on impact of Smartphone on everyday life At the end, the study will summarize the impact and conclude based on wide range of impacts that Smartphones have on society. This research will also recommend solutions, in order to reduce the negative impacts of Smartphones and also realizes more benefits of this technology.Keywords Smart phones, human lifeResearch questions123Research methodologyResearch designSampling and sampling frameSample size stack methodQuestionnaire designTodays Smartphones has been around since last six years when Apple introduced the Smartphone in mass consumer market, but in reality the Smartphone has been in market since 1993. The different between todays Smartphone and early Smartphones is that early Smartphones werepredominantly meant for corporate users and used as effort devices and also those phone were too expensive for the worldwide consumers 5.The Smartphone era is divided into three main phases. First phase was purely meant for enterprises. During this phase all the Smartphones were targeting the corporations and the features and functions were as per corporate requirements. This era began with the advent of the very first Smartphone The Simon from IBM in 1993. Blackberry is considered as the revolutionary device of this era, it introduced many features including Email, Internet, Fax, Web browsing, Camera.This phase was on the whole based on Smartphone targeting enterprises 5 6 7. The second phase of Smartphone era started with the advent of iPhone, the major breakthrough Smartphone market in 2007. Apple revealed its first smart phone in 2007. This was the time when first time ever industry introduced the Smartpho ne for general consumers market 8. End of 2007 Google unveiled its Android Operating System with the intention to approach the consumer Smartphone market.The fury during this time period was to introduce features that the general consumer requires and at the same time keep the cost at lower side to attract more and more customers. Feature like, email, neighborly website integration, audio/ word-painting, internet access, chatting along with general features of the phone were part of these entire phone .Third phase of Smartphone was mainly closing the whirl between enterprise centric and general consumer centric Smartphone and improvement the display quality, display technology and on top of that also aiming to stabile the mobile run system, introduce more powerful batteries and enhance the user interface and many more features within these smart devices. This phase logical started in 2008 with the upgrades in the mobile operating system and within last five year there have been some(prenominal) upgrades in Apple iOS, Android and Blackberry OS.The most fashionable mobile Operating systems (iOS, Android, Blackberry OS, Windows Mobile) and key Smartphone vendors (Apple, Samsung, HTC, Motorola, Nokia, LG, Sony etc.) are concentrating to bring features both in operating systems and devices which will provide exciting feature to enterprise and general consumers. The exercise of Android has been tremendous during this time period as it provided a great opportunity to all vendors to build devices using the great open initiation Android technology 8 9 10.3. Smartphone Growth / UsageThe adoption of Smartphones has been tremendous in mainstream consumer markets all over the world. Surveys show that around 42% of mobile subscribers in US use Smartphones, along with 44% of mobile users in 5 major countries of European Union (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and UK).Media usage on mobile including browsing the mobile web, accessing application and downloading content saw a major increase and surpassed 50 % in many markets mobile users have not only adopted real-time societal networking on their Smartphone at a growing rate but frequency of access has been also increasing day by day 12. A UK telecommunications regulator Ofcom, released the following statistics as part of their study on Smartphone usage in the United Kingdom only37% of adults and 60% of teens admit they are highly addicted to their Smartphone. 51% of adults and 65% of teens say they have used their Smartphone while socializing with others.23% of adults and 34% of teens have used their Smartphone during mealtimes. 22% of adult and 47% of teens admitted using or answering their Smartphone while in the BathroomThe social life has been drastically changed with the introduction of Smartphones and this domain has encountered most of the impacts from use of Smartphone.. Positive ImpactsAccordingly to research 32, around 15% of the current world population has some sort of disabilities and also the number of elderly persons increasing day by day. Furthermore, this research shows that, by year 2020 more than 1000 million people over 60 years age will be sustenance on this planet 33. Keeping this in mind and looking into the capabilities of Smartphone, it is apparent that in such a situation Smartphone will play an important role in the integration process of people with special needs and elderly age.Smartphones are capable to give this convention of people the opportunity to live more independently. The more they can do by themselves, the better theywill feel and enjoy the life. Impact of Smartphones on Society 223 Smartphone features like, text to speech, GPS and social Websites are some examples, which can help this group of people to easily remain integrated with society. Using these services and many more features, the target group of people can easily communicate their needs, seek assistance from others and remain connected to society 32.Even in todays busy world Smartphone had also made possible for us to remain connected with our friends and family all the time. Always connected to the Internet through a Smartphone provides a great operator for individuals for constant communication resulting in great safety for children attending schools or going outside. The classic mobile phones provided this facility for long time but the Smartphones utilizing the same and providing additional convenient capabilities to communicate with children and know their whereabouts anytime 19.The Smartphone has given an opportunity to individuals to act as a journalist at any point in time and real-time information to society. Smartphone features like the camera, video capture, access to social Websites and nature of always connected to the Internet enable individuals to capture any video at any time and share it with friends and family using social Websites and other Internet based options. Even though the quality of video / image cant be that good but t he features on social Websites and opinions and comments make it more absorbing and useful 34.Negative ImpactsAddiction to Smartphone is major impact on social life. Surveys show that Smartphone addiction is interfering with our nights sleep. According to the survey, 33% of mobile workers admitted that they pair their phones for email and message throughout the night. Nearly 50% of those surveyed said, they wouldnt even think of going to bed without have their Smartphones tucked under their pillows.This addiction to Smartphone is impacting the social and family life and creating frictions in our lives 34. Another aspect is that applications installed on Smartphone enabling image and video editing, allowing individuals to manipulate the actual content and provide their version of the content. This shows that most of the time there will beissues with the authenticity of information received through these channels and it requires further research to ensure its validity and authenticit y 34.According to another(prenominal) research 35, the organizations expect their employees to respond to the emails straight off even after working hours, due to that employee feel compelled to respond to official emails. Many Smartphone users engage in continuous monitoring of their work related emails, which creates domineering routines of chronic checking and in the long run it is responsible for increased stress. There are evidences that Smartphone usage is responsible to blur the distinctions between the work and family life. The Smartphone causes the employees to take the work into the home domain.As a consequence, the blurring work and family life might lead to a worsened workfamily balance. In short, the higher integration of the work and home facilitated by Smartphone result in workhome interference (WHI), which is considered as a potential source of stress that having negative effect on employee social and family life. Cyber bullying is another major issue the society i s facing today. The advent of Smartphone and the nature of being connected to internet anytime and anywhere is adding to this issue and making it frequently severe.It enables student to access irrelevant content while at schools, enables working community to access social Websites and other irrelevant content while at work, and enables youth to access the Internet for inappropriate contents. This highlights minimum control from parents and administration to prevent the users access certain content on the Internet 19.According to another report by security industries 36, Smartphones and social networking site are likely to become the next target for criminal attacks. Security holes on several Smartphones were exploited and malicious software was found on several Smartphones from different vendors.5. Conclusion & Future DirectionIt is true that Smartphone has a respectable impact on society and other aspects of life. Clearly the enormous usage of these devices by consumers demonstra tes the volume of this impact. Consumers are in process of traversing away from the use of courtly cell phone as the Smartphones are beginning the norm of the society.Manufacturers and marketing can be blamed for this hype, but there is no question that Smartphones are brininggreat features and capabilities to consumers. The key impacts like enable to be always-connected, addiction to phone, single device with all required features, business edge, convenient educational features, apps as new technology, entertainment, best utilization of time, disrespectful behavior, privacy issues, impact on culture, distraction at work & at education Institutes and many more provide us both positive and negative sides of the Smartphones.These positive and negative impacts are secondary, when we look at this existing technology from a different spot and that perspective is interpretation and perception of Smartphone. There are several ways that we can control and minimize the negative impacts of Smartphone in society. Education and Guidance In order to understand the positive and negative impact of Smartphone it is very important to educate the users on how to use Smartphones smartly.The education should emphasis to enhance the positive impacts and highlight the negative impacts clearly so that the users can take advantages of this exciting technology. Security and Access Control There are several initiatives from different vendors to flake the misuse of Smartphone at body of work and at Universities. SAP, Airwatch, MacAfee and many other vendors provide solutions to control the access of Smartphone within the workplace and Universities. Such measures are very useful in environments, where security of information is the top priority.These can also be useful in controlling the access of Smartphones in Universities to minimize the use of social Websites, minimize the misuse of Smartphones for cyber bullying, cheating in examinations and tests. These mobile management devic es will also enable the administrators to remotely control the access of these devices check what services are running on a specific device. Polices and Procedure Policies and strict compliance procedure should be in place at workplace and at Universities to ensure the proper use of Smartphones.This will enable users to use their phones if it is really required and when the use is really important. In summary, Smartphone can for certain be smart if the vendors, society and technologists understand their responsibility towards usage of these devices smartly in order to get more benefit in business, education, health and social life. It is apparent from above facts that the benefits of Smartphone are tremendous and negative impacts are minor. So it is important to concentrate on how to stop and avoid smartly the misuse of Smartphone quite atrying to stop or avoid use to Smartphones.ReferencesNurfit, 2012,Smarphone Addiction and Impact on Society,Wikipedia, 2012, Blackberry, http//en .wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerryhttp//www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2225149/Windows-8-phone-software-launch- Microsoft-hopes-Jessica-Alba-help-Apple-Google.htmlhttp//www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/opinon/2012/11/298_117506.html 226 Muhammad Sarwar and Tariq Rahim Soomro

Paramedic Professionals Essay

Although paramedicals use on board new(prenominal) emergency services and wellness cargon providers, they argon non classified as health cargon professionals, therefore, working independently from these organisations and autonomously within their own state ambulance organisations. Through exploring the evolution of paramedic pr coifice and their graphic symbol as a health care provider, the current status of paramedics as a semi profession is explained along with what further development is needed in the beginning they become a recognised profession.In understanding how paramedics work autonomously within their own state ground organisations, the concept of image of come and proof found practice is explored. Finally by discussing how paramedics are independent, we establish paramedics role and position within the Australian Health dread System. A paramedic is a health care professional At present in Australia, paramedics are not classified as registered health care profess ionals. (Smith 2012) Instead, paramedics are widely regarded as semi-professionals with the electric potential to become a fully recognised profession in the near future.The definition of profession and the guidelines to become a recognised profession are not black and white. Professions Australia defined a profession as a disciplined group of several(prenominal)s who adhere to ethical standards and who possess special knowledge and skills in a widely recognised body of learning derived from research, education and grooming at a high level. (Allied Health Professions Australia 2008 8) Whilst Wilinsky (1964) describes 4 key elements that are essential for the reach out for of professionalization.These include the implementation of a unified code of ethics and regulations, attaining professional licencing, registration and accreditation, the establishment of university study and education and the development of full-time occupation and institution of occupational territory. Ove r the past 20 years the roles of paramedics have changed rapidly, with changes still occurring at the present. Paramedics have transitioned from stretcher bearers knew as ambulance officers, to todays paramedics who are full time workers and are able to administer extensive pre hospital care.Along with the changes to the nature of the paramedics job, there has also been a significant change in the way paramedics are trained. facts of life for paramedics has transitioned from on the job training provided by State and Territory Ambulance Services to vocational qualifications and more recently, higher education (University) sector qualifications. (Williams, Brown, Onsman 2012 6) These changes to higher education training and full time employment, has allowed for paramedics to move one step closer in becoming a recognised profession.A review of common professional traits suggests dickens main areas where the discipline falls short and it is that paramedics do not have national registr ation and regulation resulting in professional self-control and accreditation and they do not nationwide qualifications that link from tertiary education to the paramedic services (Williams, Brown, Osman 2012 1) Firstly, registration in the context of health care professionals, is the process of licensing and registering clinicians to practice at a uniform national standard of care. Productivity Commission 2005 in Williams, Brown, Osman 2012 7) Registration allows for consistency in education and training nationwide, and ensures paramedics work within the provisions of their circumstance of practice. (Council of Ambulance Authorities 2008) Secondly, there are no national university standard degree competencies or a national curriculum in relation to paramedic training. This leads to an disagreement between the curricula taught to paramedic students. This is further aggravated by ambulance services as they work independently from the Australian Health care System and of the univers ities as well. Williams, Brown, Osman 2012) In conclusion, without the implementation of nationwide registration, licensing and education qualifications, paramedics will continue to be recognized as a semi-profession. Operating autonomously Paramedics are allied health care providers who are operating autonomously at a state level within their own ambulance services. The United States National Library of Medicine defines autonomy as the decisions and the independence to act in accordance with ones professional knowledge base. (Nurs 2010 1) In the paramedic profession this knowledge base is known as a scope of practice. Within each state based paramedic organisation, there is legislation and guidelines that outline the scope of which a certain qualified paramedic can work in. Scope of practice refers to the extent to which providers may render Health care services and the extent they may do so independently and the type of diseases, ailments, and injuries a health care provider may address and what procedures and medication they can provide. (Prats amp Katz 2012 13)For example, in Queensland, whilst out on road paramedics have the freedom to make their own decisions and judgments based on their knowledge, as long as it is legal in the legislation of the Queensland Ambulance Service Ambulance Service Act 1991 (Qld) and within the scope of practice of the paramedics qualifications. (Queensland Consolidated Acts 2010) As paramedics gain further knowledge and undergo more training, the scope of practice of this paramedic will amplify. The larger the scope of practice, the more autonomously the paramedic is able to operate.Currently in Queensland there has been an increased awareness of poorer patient outcomes and difficulties in accessing medical help in rural and remote areas. (Horizon 2007 in OMeara 2011) In an attempt to increase positive patient outcomes, expanded scope roles have been introduced into the Australian Health Care System, allowing certain param edics to apply skills and protocols for which they were not before trained. (Sterling, Pedler, Walker 2007) This increases the paramedics autonomy within their field which allows them to work for better patient outcomes.Paramedics are also highly autonomous as they frequently use yard based practice as a means of new research and technique. In the pre hospital care environment, rather than making decisions about practice actions based on routine and traditionally taught methods, paramedics use evidence identified from well-constructed studies as a basis for the clinical decisions and behaviours. (Curtis amp Ramsden 2011 111) Evidence based practice occurs done integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research. (Sackett amp Rosenberg 1996 1) This can only occur when an individual is given autonomy within their field of work. In conclusion, as paramedics have the freedom to make decisions within their scope of prac tice and can utilise evidence based practice, paramedics are autonomous within a state level. Operating independently within The Australian Health Care System Although paramedics work along-side the Australian Health Care System, paramedics are independent of this system. The Houghton Mifflin Company 2011 defines independent as being not governed by a foreign power self- establishment. Paramedics are governed by their own state based organisations and are separate and independent of the hospitals and the Australian Health Care System. When dealing with any misconduct or inquiries, unlike nurses and doctors whose governing power is the Australian Health Care System, paramedics approach their own state based organisation. In conclusion, even though the paramedics work in conjunction with other health care providers both in and out of the hospital setting, paramedics governance is independent of other health care services and the Australian Health Care System. Willis, McCarthy, Lazarsf eld-Jensen and OMeara 2009) Conclusion In conclusion paramedics are autonomous and independent health care providers who work along-side the Australian Health Care system. Although paramedics work alongside other emergency services and health care providers in both the in and out of hospital care environment, they are not classified as health care professionals. But with the implementation of nationwide curricula and ethical standards, paramedics can move from a semi profession to fully recognised profession.Paramedics have the freedom to make decisions within their scope of practice and can utilise evidence based practice, making paramedics autonomous within a state level. Through the broadening of paramedics scope of practice in certain environment such as rural areas and through the use of evidence based practice we see efforts to increase positive patient outcomes. Finally, paramedics are independent from the Australian Health Care System as they are self-governed by their own state based organisations.

Case Analysis on Hilton

The Hilton family started its first hotel in the year 1919 by the name of Mobley Hotel in Cisco, Texas under Conrad Hilton. The firm launched its IPO under the name Hilton Hotels Corporation in 1946 to make its presence felt in the hospitality business. With time the firm spread out to compete and serve at the global level. In the highly competitive Global Lodging Business the challenges mainly faced by the firms included clog in achieving a standardized profit of operation all throughout.With economies of scale and to focus on dead body as well as superior service delivery across the Hilton brand of Hotels, the importance of CRM was realized and the firm came up with the strategy of Customers Really Matter (CRM) in 2002. To build customer equity it is historic to embrace technology and Hilton implemented this using its infrastructure called OnQ which acted as an enabling agent helping employees to deliver great customized customer experiences. Hilton introduced the Customers Rea lly Matter with the intention to provide outstanding services to the customer.CRM enabled Hilton Corporation to focus more on building and managing its relationships with its customers. With CRM it was possible to acknowledge customers and provide personalized attention to each of them. It helped to line personal records of a person to access information for knowing the customer better. It helped maintaining peoples preferences, which directly reduced time spent on websites tending or call centers phone call costs and it excessively helped providing offers suited according to an individual and even helped promoting cross-selling and improving conversion rates.With CRM, the hotels strawman desk could have a comprehensive report each day of the guest list in an easy to scan format. The pre-assigning of rooms, the classification/segmentation of membership and scoopful benefits for privileged customers could all be done using CRM. However, there were few problems involved with pre-as signing of rooms and changing priorities of the customer. By adopting CRM and adapting with the technology it all became easier for Hilton, the guest visibleness managing, online profile maintenance, building more relationship, andhave more information (emails, phone no. ) of the customers and record complaints and feedbacks. All of these could be integrated by Hilton to bring more consistency as well as standardization to its services across its diversified business. The existence of the SALT (Satisfaction And Loyalty Training) survey, which helped significantly to improve the services by supervise customer experiences and better measure the important factors that could help the business, added great value to the CRM initiative.On the other hand, OnQ also assisted property level operations and could enable the union to open more hotels for the customers and expand the brand image. Although CRM had its own benefits, the success boiled down to execution. OnQ incorporated huge cost s and maintenance expenses. Apart from them, the CRM technology also required many other organizational factors to be addressed. The focus required on measurement, executive championship, training of the employees to use the technology, the feedback incorporation, etc. all had to be taken in account which couldnt be overlooked.Taking in consideration the presence across 78 countries, the technology helped maintaining central database accessible from all the service points. Having change of products across different price points throughout the organization, CRM also assisted segmentation of customers into modules such as Diamond, Gold, 4+ for improving services. A difficult task was to generalise the Return on Investment for the CRM. To conclude, CRM did help Hilton in its goal to enhance its competitive advantage, and to become the one of the premier choices of the worlds traveler in the global hospitality business.

Macdonals Work Force Diversity

What innovation means to McDonalds is not only who works within the organisation but goes as far as the customers who they serve. Patricia Sowell Harris, McDonalds forefront smorgasbord Officer declargons, At its simplest, diversity means that your organization reflects the customers you serve and the society in which you operate. But to be effective, its more than counting numbers racket its making those numbers count.A truly diverse culture means that different views, opinions, experiences, educations, religions, and lifestyles are respected, where everybody is a valued and contributing member of the team, and where actions are led by insights that create success in the business. While diversity initiatives have assisted many lot in their professions and organisations in their venture to succeed, is at that place another side to the story is it just a waste of time and money?For some corporations, that may be true. Cultural diversity efforts like ethnic awareness could be s een as nothing more than an extravagant scheme that really does nothing to help workers feel like they are truly a part of the organization, but for the organisation to be seen in a positive light from onlookers although this hardly seems the case for cultural diversity initiatives in McDonalds. The following was taken from the McDonalds website Minorities and women represent approximately 37 per cent of all McDonalds franchisees More than 65 per cent of the applicants in training to become new McDonalds franchisees are women and minorities. Serves more than 58 million customers around the world each day Is the leading global foodservice retailer with more than 32,000 local restaurants in 118 countries Employs more than 1. 6 million people worldwide our brands best ambassadors are our people Today, more than 60 percent of our global home office and U. S. ompany workforce are of a racial or ethnic nonage, or are women Is widely recognized as a top company for minorities also a Great house to Work in more than 30 countries Ranked one of the Top 20 Global Companies for Leaders by Fortune magazine in 2007 around 80% of McDonalds restaurants worldwide are independently owned & operated (franchised) by local business men and women (McDonalds corporation www. macdonalds. com as it exists 2/4/11) slightly the world, inclusion and diversity at McDonalds means providing equal opportunities for everyone to ucceed and contribute. We accomplish this in a number of ways, such as the integration of diversity initiatives into our occasional business practices, a strong diversity education curriculum, employee business networks and external partnerships with minority organizations.Jan states Im proud of our industry-leading Global Inclusion and Intercultural Management team which has successfully driven our efforts to have diversity among our employees, franchisees and suppliers across the globe. Jan Fields, President, McDonalds USA With more than 32,000 restauran ts in 118 countries, McDonalds carries a new meaning to the word diversity, pitch diversity and even change to the menus at every community it touches. Around the world, diversity at McDonalds means providing equal opportunities for everyone to succeed and contribute. They accomplish this in a number of ways, such as bring forth diversity initiatives into their daily business practices, a strong diverse education curriculum, employee business networks and partnerships with minority organisations.To reinforce the diverse culture today, more than 60 per cent of the workforces are of a racial or ethnic minority, or are women. Inclusion and Diversity also plays an important role for the leaders of McDonalds in the future. Our management team provides regular updates on the progress in this area so they are eternally evaluating the performance to make sure they have strong diverse culture, including gender, ethnicity and nationality.In addition, McDonalds has the largest number of mino rity and women franchise owners in the fast food industry. The National color McDonalds Owner/Operator Association can be considered most successful African American business organizations in the nation, and the Hispanic franchisees fund the largest eruditeness program for Hispanic high school students entering college. Furthermore McDonalds suppliers are equally diverse.On average McDonalds spend $4 billion per family on food, paper packaging, restaurant operating supplies, uniforms and toys from minority and women-owned businesses says Patricia Sowell Harris, McDonalds Chief Diversity Officer So whether its their franchisees, suppliers, or employees, their commitment to inclusion and diversity has helped make McDonalds the company theyre today. Most importantly, this commitment allows the fast food chain to ensure that their restaurants and business reflect the customer in which is extensively diverse.

History of Hong Kong Art Village

(Eng. Summary) andrew lam (The section History of Oil Street Architecture was published in Hong Kong stinting Journal 2000-03-27) The First Stage The Oil Street Period During the 17 months from August 1998 to the end of 1999, the Government Property Agency rented an abandoned governmental make at Oil Street, North Point to architects, designers, photographers, individual artists and art groups at a rental rate as low as HK$ 2. 5 / firm ft. It gradually served as the nurturing ground for art education, inventive industries and various kinds of exhibitions and performances. 3 large-scale art and culture festivals have taken place in the machination Village. More than 100 exhibitions and performances, which attracted more than 30,000 audiences, have been held through kayoed the year. The nature of activities were diverse to include theatre work, dance, folk art, ink painting, calligraphy, installation, photography, sculpture, painting, multi-media, video art, digital art, architect ure, fashion design, performance art and music concert.The Oil Street stratagem Village was a cultivated space, which fostered local economies, originative industries and international art and cultural exchange activities. It attracted creative and enthusiastic individuals to involve and to arouse the interest of local and overseas press. The total subject of the Oil Street building was 125,000 squ are ft. The gross floor area was estimated to be 160,000 square ft. 33 art groups and workshops, and more than 100 artists were stationed in the Art Village while more than 721 artists and 3,000 art group members involved in various activities (it is approximately 30% of HK art field).More than 60,000 square ft. area served as performing space, rehearsal room, working area, and storage. The abandoned property was positively activated. In that pathetic period of time, the art and culture industry built up a good partnership with the SAR government the Art Village was recognized and sup ported by HKADC. In 98-99, the Planning Department pointed out that Oil Street Art Village was a successful model for land use transferral. All of the higher up prove that HK citizens urgently need the full support of the government to assist running a non-governmental and independent art village.It serves as a window and an fortune for local art and cultural workers to showcase the power of creative culture. This is the gateway to develop Hong Kong into the brand new art and cultural centre in Asia, and to suggest the image of HK in the global level. In 2000, the SAR government planned to sell the land through auction. Various units in the Art Village moved out and the land has been abandoned until today. Not only was the Oil Street Art Village destroyed, but the SAR government also lost nearly HK$ 10,000,000 of rental income since 2000.The imprimatur Stage Cheung Sha Wan Warehouse & experient Kai Tak Aiport Period The ex-slaughterhouse in Cheung Sha Wan and the ex-Kai Tak Ai rport Office Tower was temporarily let to Oil Street Art Village by the Government Property Agency. However, the space provided was non suitable for artistic activities. piecey workshops and art groups such as 1aspace, Videotage, On and On Theatre, Zuni Icosahedron/Z+ etc. retreated or their activities suspended. Such a hybernated situation lasted for at least 1 and a half long time. During the period, some art studio was transferred to Old Kai TatAirport venue and the studio of Tsui Pui Wan had organized an installation, which attracted wide public participation. The Third Stage To Kwa Wan Cattle Depot Artist Village (CDAV) Period In July 2001, the Government Property Agency rented a renovated government property, the ex-quarantine station for animals (63 Ma Tau Kok Road, To Kwa Wan) to individual art groups and artists. Most of the architecture in the station is heritage. Some are over 100 years old. Units and Cultural activities in CDAV The total area of CDAV is 7,394. 93 squa re metres.It has 19 stationed art groups Zuni Icosehedron, Ngau Pang Shue Sue Yuen, Artist put across 63 Museum, Videotage, 1aspace, Frog King Museum, (szOf)-Tsui Pui Wan, Wee Design, Photo China. CC, Cut_N_try Workshop, Billy & Suzies, Tim Tsz Workshop, Possive Null Workshop, Kum Chi Keung Workshop, Steve Cheung-Work Zone, 2/3 Studio, N4 and so forth. Main publications in these two years include E+E by Ngau Pang Sue Yuen,. and many exhibition catalogues. Significant exhibitions held included Tree. Man Danny Yung Solo Exhibition Tree Man in 2003, CADV held large-scale art festival, such as Cattle Depot Summer Days & Nights Arts Festival 2003.The studio zero O seek organized Summer Workshop 02, etc. The Book Festival was co-organized by Zuni Ngau Pang Sue Yuen and 1aspace with participation of 22 cultural organizations. It attracted more than 20,000 local citizens and rule book lovers. The Artist Commune has also organized many societal and cultural exchange programs. In the futur e, the CDAV will develop as a non-profit making generosity (NGO). We are also planning to make the best use of spaces in the village as a platform for experimenting civil art education and creative cultural industries, and as a channel to consolidate different social sectors and governmental departments.The CDAV will be the new fountainhead of Hong Kong culture, and it will foreshadow and limit an example to evaluate the idea of the operation of the proposed West Kowloon Cultural District. City globalization and synchronization bring about the building of skyscrapers, highways, airports, etc Organizing international biennial, triennial, exposition and former(a) great cultural events become inevitable in internationalization. The CDAV has long been a localized phenomenon, we pose the questions of globalization versus regionalism. In reality, there are 4 resource spaces and 15 independent studios in the CDAV.For the past 2 years, they actively organized a great many of individual p rograms. They also organized joint events wish community workshops and territory-wide art festivals. This proposal will present open studio experience to create A CONCEPTUAL COMPUTER HUB WHICH RE-UNIFIES THE WHOLE CDAV AGAIN. 1 The Experiment The Hong Kong CDAV is not a conventional museum for cultural display. It is an alternative space a 7,394 sq meters art village with visual art and theatre group, big companies and individual studios living in symbiosis.In reality there are dreams and conflicts, expectations and competitions. Urgency and stability are side by side. In meeting this global event, the proposed CDAV project will not be a fabrication of un-real situation. In preparing for the exhibition, no pre-fabricated unit or exhibition system will be re-assembled in another site for exhibition. The studios of the CDAV is like A MICROSCOPE. It helps the international audience TO UNCOVER A WORLD OF ADVENTURE, EXPERIMENTATION, DISCOVERY AND WONDERS in the CDAV. There is NO GLASS OR INSTRUMENT USED TO MAGNIFY OR DISTORT FACT AND REALITY.Every object has to be viewed in actual size Like the Berlin Biennale 2004, The CDAV studios portray reality and the CDAV artists provide such a visual despatch with a LIFE MANUAL. They themselves are the best exhibition documents and interpreters. BEYOND THE FRAME WE PROVIDE A NEW SPACE WHICH EXTENDS THE CONVENTIONAL PHYSICAL & CONCEPTUAL limit point OF AN EXHIBITION WITHIN THE ALREADY-EXISTING AND DEFINED AREA OF STUDIOS IN THE CDAV. The artists working in the CDAV studios take the opportunity to develop creative dialogue and exchange with the international curators and artists.The CDTV project will be in an interesting dialogue by using site-specific studio works showing artistic development from initial stage to nett production, from conceptual building to theory formulation, from pre-exhibition studio discourse to post-exhibition debate. ( ) 2000-03-27 2004-06 (1999? ) (2003-2006) (1999) 1999? 11? 9? , , , 006 2 007 3 007 4 015 5 016 6 021 023 025 046 , , , , (3? ) (1? ) (6? ) (2? ) (1? ) 1? , , , , , , , , , , , , , 2 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1990? , ( ), , , , , , , , , , 2 , , , , , , , 2. 75 15 , 12? 5 , 31? , 6 Kwok and Cho Z+? Workzone Raymond Lau? Wong Chi Fei? Lily & Workshop? Qwert & Parallax Workshop? Xtreme Creative? Michael Chan Architects? James Wong & Andrew leave? Vivian Lam? Ashley Hempsall? Tom Tong? May + Ling?Rensis Ho? Bone Wong Tim? Billy and Suzie? march on? 1a Ringo Tang? 31 721? , 3? , 100 , 30,000 , , , 3 , , , , , , , 1. , ( )? 2. 2a , , , ,? 2b , , , , , , ( ) , , ( , 2,000? , ) , , 180 , (? ) (? ) (? ) (? ) (? ) (? (? ) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1A , Z+ , , , , , , , , , (C? D? ), , , , , , (Machine Aesthetic) , , , , , ,? 1998? 8 16 2. 75? 1 , 16 , 12? 5 , 30? , 6 , , , , 2000 , , , 12? 15 , , , , 1998 , , , , , 98 , , , 1893 12 , 4 , , Victoria Rega ta Club , , , , 5, (E. M. Hazeland) 6, 1908? 3? 21 (Sir Frederick Lugard) , , , (Club House), , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 19 (Arts & Crafts Movement) 7 , (1905? ) (1913? ) (1915? ) , , , , 81965? , 1992? 10? , 1999? 11 , , , 1939 1964 1939 , 1950 941 , , , i) 1969 (DYN1XB1B), , 1969? ii) 1945-64? 12,400 (HKR. S. No. 846(320)-D & S No. 1, Plan 1), A ,B ? C , , A 1964 1969 iii) 1950 , , ( ), (B? ) , 50 iv) 50,000 , 1945? 50? , , 1950 v) 1939 , , , (Kellet Island) , , , 39 50 ,? 10 , vi) 1939? 103 , 1939? 4? 26 , 16 , , 1939? vii) , C Z+ 1939 , , , , , , , , , , , Messrs Kin Lee & Co. , , (C? D? , , , , , (Machine Aesthetic)? , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 98 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 100 , 20,000, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1) 2) 98 80% , 97 5%? 3) 15% , , , , / / 97 2% 6% , 18% 23%, 15% 18% , 9 , , , , , , , , (Marginal Utility) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , / , , , , / , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1) ( )2) ( 3) ( )4) ( ) , ( , , , , , , , , ( ) , 1. , 2. , , , 3. , , , , 4. , , , 5. , , , 6. , , / , , / , , 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) , , 4. ( ) 5. / / / ( ) / / , 6. / ( ) / / 7. / ( , ) , 8. ( ) , 9. ( ) 10. E & M? , ( ) ? 11. ( ) 12. ( ) ? 13. , ( ) ? 14. ( ) 15. ( ) ? 16. ( ) ? 17. ( ) 18. ( ) 19. ( ) ? 20. ( ) , , , , 1. 2. , 3. , , 4. , ? ii , , , , , 1. , 2. , 2a , , , ,? 2b , 1) , , , , , , ?P. S. 1. , 10 , , , / , , , , , 1. 1a , ? 1b , , , , , , , , 1) , , , , 2) , , , , , , , , , 3) , 4) , , 5) , , , 2. , (? ) / , / , , , 7A ( ) Dr. Morhard, Juergen, Consul of German Consulate (Hong Kong)? Dr. Sacker, conductor of Goethe-Institute(Hong Kong)? Oscar Ho, exhibition director of HK Arts Centre? Renee Chan, art and design programme designer, HKU-Space? Ben Sumner, elder lecturer of APA? Chartered Society of Designers?Caroloine Cheng, director of The Pottery Workshop? Lam Yuen Mei? Gary Mak Sing Hei, associate director of Broadway Cinematheque? Cheng Wai Lau, manager of Theatre Ensemble? Irene Ngan, course of study Manager of Goethe-Institut? Ip Yuk Yiu, Lecturer of City University? Linda Lai, assistant professor of SCM, City University? Nancy Tong, assistant professor of City University? Cheung Kai Sun, art director of Zebra Consultant? Simon Queeans, publisher of BC Magazine? Leung Chi Fan, vice-president of Hong Kong Society For Education In Art? Hung Chin Lu, director of Studio 22 Ltd.? Leong Ka Tai, director of Camera 22 Ltd.?Golden chetah Company? Wong Leung Sek Rupert, chairman of Hue Art Association? Shum Ka Chun, art dirctor of ICON? Wong Chack Kie, Associate Professor of the Chinese University of Hong Kong? Li Chak Man, project manager of Yew Chung Education creation? Siu King Chung, assistant professor of HK Polytechnic University? Tang Shu Wing, artistic director of No Man Land Limited? Tsang Wai Yi Catherine Lau Lui Wai Kei Lam Wai Kit? Lau Chung Hang? kB Tsang? Louisanna Chan? Steve Choi? William Thomas Dixon? Pegsi K C Wong? Betty Hung? Yik Fei? Natashia Ting Clorie Ng? Fanny Lam? Lau Mei Yee? May Fung? Yanpi Kwan Pui Yan?Wong Shun Kit? Hilary Binks John Thompson Chan Chui Hing, Nose? Mo-yung Yuk Lin Helen Leung Jenny Lam Chi Ling? Lichtenstein, Frederic? Vivian Chan Sau Han? Lee Kit Wai John Yip? Chan Tze Ming Liu Yuen Hung Jacqueline? Sandra L. Walters? Winton non Marsalis? Clarence Tsui Borezee? Blaise Lam Kam Ying? Wong Fung Ming? Tam Shiu Wah Hillman? Norris Ng? Lesley Chan Yan Yan,? Woo Vivian Cheng? Wai Kwan? Alice Chu? Cherie, Cheng Shui Che? Chan Wai Fun Dovas? Lau Wing Yin, Nataue? Kum Chi Keung? Tina Chan? Charles Lam? maria Leung? Wei Peh Ti? Wong Hao An Alanie? Wong Gi Wai, Gigi? Winnie Lau? Paul Kember? Julita Lui Y. E.?Juliana Wong? Peter K. Ho? Jan Chu? Pamela Hoy So Ching? Quentin Fong Bryan Lay? Liu Ying Kei Carol? Robert Ori en? Freddie Chan? Rachel Lee? Fornia Chan Siu Yim? Beryl Yau? Mimi Tung? Frank Yeung? Kearen Pang Yuri? Ng Lilian Chan The Australian Network For Art and Technology? Artspace Visual Arts Centre, Sydney? Chinese Art News Magazine? Marina Grzinic, Fund For Video Art? Griffith Artworks, Griffith University, Australia? Videobrasil Festival, Brazil? Mike Stubbs, director of Hull judgment of conviction Based Art, UK? Mike Leggett, Australia? Chang Young-Hae, Seoul?Wolf Kahlen, Germany? Evangelo Costadimas? Uwe Buchler, Werleitz? Gesellschaft, Germany? Steve Hawley, UK? Trevor Batten, Amsterdam? Veronica Needa? core member of Yellow Earth Theatre(London), ( ) 1. 1. 1. , , , , , , , , , , , 2. 118? , 27 , ,? 27? , 10 (9? ) (8? ) (? 7? ), (6? ) (? 5? ) (4? ) 3 , 2 27 , 10? , 4? , , , , , (3? ) (1? ) (6? ) (2? ) (1? ) 1? , , , 2002 1 , 11 3. , , , , 12 , , ? ( ) , 13 4. , , , , , , , , 5. , , , , , , , 14 2. 1. 2. 1. 1 (Alliance of Artists Communities AAC) (Artists Communities A Directory of Residencies in the United States Offering Time and Space for Creativity) , 70 2. , , , , 50% , , , , 4%? , . (American Academy in Rome)15 . (The Corporation of Yaddo)16 . (The MacDowell Colony, Inc. )17 70 80 , 80 , , ( ) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 3. , (Artists House) , , , (Kunsterhaus)18? 19, A 20 B 10-19? C 4-9? D 1-3? , 70 , 4-9 C ,? 40% A B D , 20%? , , , , , , , , A? , , C 4. , 20A , , 2? , B , 14? B , , 2 , 4-9 C , , , C , , , D , 14? , , , C , , , , , , , , , , , 5. , , 20 A 12 86% 0 0 1 7% 0 0 1 7% 0 0 B 10 72% 2 14% 1 7% 0 0 1 7% 0 0 C 18 64% 2 7% 3 11% 2 7% 1 4% 2 7% D 8 58% 2 14% 0 0 2 14% 2 14% 0 0 48 69% 6 9% 5 7% 4 5% 5 7% 2 7% ? (1) , (69%) (9%) (7%) (7%) (5%) , 7% , (? A? D 86%? 72%? 4%? 58%) , , , , , , 2. 1. 6 , ,? 72% 24%, , 4% , P. S. 1 I. S. P , , , , , , , , P. S. 1 , , , , , , , , , 21 , , , , , , , (Conservatoire du Littorale), , , , , , , 22 , , , , , , , , , 7. 1. , , , , , 2. 2. (i) 1) , , , , 80%? (2) , , ,? , 80% , , , , , , 2. 2. (ii) (1) 93% , , ? (2) , , , , , , 71%? (3) , , 39%? 2. 2. (iii) (1) 29%? 2) 26%? (3) 23%? (4) , , , 4%? , , , 2. 3 A 2. 3. 1 , A , , , , 3%? , , , , , , 2. 70 , , i) , ii) , , iii) , , 97% 2? , Art Farm? Bemis Center for Contemporary Arts, , 3% , South Florida Art Center, 4 , ,? 9%? , , , ,

Foundation Certification †My Short Notes Essay

A team or group of people and the tools they example to carry out superstar or more than processes or activities. Functions provide units of organization responsible for specific outcomes. Functions atomic number 18 logic bothy quarantined from each other. interpretation ProcessA set of coordinated activities combining and follow outing resources and capabilities in order to pay back an outcome and provide value to clients or stakeholders. Process has following attributes. Trigger, Activity, Dependency & SequenceProcess should be measurableProcess should produce specific outputProcess should meet customer expectationdefinition Process OwnerThe person/role responsible for ensuring that the process is fit for the desired purpose and is accountable for the outputs of that process. Definition returns OwnerThe person/role accountable for the delivery of a specific IT serving. They argon responsible for continual service and management of alteration affecting serve under th eir c be. The religious gain proprietor is a primary stakeholder in wholly of the underlying IT processes that alter or aver the serving they own. Definition benefitA means of delivering value to customers by facilitating outcomes customers want to achieve without the ownership of specific cost or risks. Definition RACI ModelR Responsibility (at least 1R per activity who is doing the actual work) A responsibility (1 A per activity)C ConsultI Inform improvement StrategyThe purpose is to define the perspective, position, externalizes, and patterns that a service provider needs to be able to execute to meet an organizations production line outcomes * Perspective Defines the organizations view of itself, generally communicated through the organizations vision and direction. * Positions Defines the oddment of the organization in comparison to its competitive securities industry and as identified through the minds of its customers. * Plans The pre define details for musical accompaniment and enhancing the organizations perspective and positions, usually identifying a potential future state for the organization and a strategic response to the state and level of investment needful. * Patterns Defines the conditions and actions that must be consistently in bulge and repeatable to achieve the objectives of the organization patterns allow the organization to predict the future. returns dodging defines the role of services and service provider in achieving the business objectives of the organization through management of IT.Value to CustomerTo enable a service provider to create value for a customer, a systematic approach has to be adopted. For ITIL, this approach is determining service utility and service warranty.Service Warranty (Fit for use) + Service Utility (Fit for propose) = Service Value Service utility and service warranty are present for every service provided to a customer. One cannot exist without the other. By describing both Serv ice Utility and Service Warranty, it enables the provider to clearly stool the value of the service, differentiate themselves from the competition, and, when necessary, attach a meaningful price tag that has relevance to the customer and associated market space.Service Package = Enabling Services + Core Services + Enhancing Services Definition Service summationA Service Asset is any resource or capability use in the formulation of services Definition Business CaseThe business case is a detailed analysis of the benefits and violation of the business action in meeting the business objective and disrupting the delivery of other IT services. Attributes Introduction, Methods & Assumptions, Business Impact, adventure Service Strategy ProcessesDemand caution & Strategy vigilance for IT Services are out of cathode-ray oscilloscope for ITIL Foundation exam. 1. Financial perplexity* Responsible for securing the necessary fund to provide the service to the customer. * Maintain brac e among cost of service and quality of the service * Maintain balance between supply and penury* Activities* Bud trip uping* IT Accounting* Chargeback* Service Valuation* Outputs* Service Valuation* Service Investment Analysis* Compliance (Align with rules & regulations)* constitute optimization* realise for BIA2. Service Portfolio wariness* Track services throughout whole service lifecycle* connective services to their business objectives/value* witness all other management processes are working to get expected business outcomes * Includes Service Pipeline, Service compose & Retired Service Catalog * Content Description, Requirements/Business Cases, Value, Options, Price, Risk, precedence Investment Categories and Budget AllocationsPhases/Activities of service portfolio management3. Business Relationship charge* Maintain relationship between customer and service provider and understand customer needs * realize high level of customer satisfaction* Understand service pack ages and service level packages Service visualizeBenefits of Service aspiration* decrease in total cost of ownership (TCO)* Improved quality of service* Improved consistency of service* Easier implementation of new or miscellanead services* Improved service coalescency* Improved service instruction execution* Improved IT governance* Improved effectiveness of service management and IT processes * Improved information and decision-making* Improved alignment with customer values and strategiesThe Four Perspectives (Attributes) of ITSM* Partners/providers* People* Product/Technology* ProcessesMajor Aspects of Service Design* Service solutions for new or changed services* The management information systems and tools, especially the service portfolio * The technology architectures and management architectures * The processes required* The measurement methods and metricsService Design Package (SDP)The contents of the service design package cost four major sections with several small er, but equally important, sub-sections. The four major sections are Requirements Service Design Organizational readiness assessment Service Lifecycle PlanService Design Processes1. Design Coordination* Single file of coordination and control for all activities & processes in Service Design stage * Individual organizations decide whether they need Design Coordination process or not. Only major changes will require this process * Activities2. Service Level Management* Focus on Service Warranty ( exploit, availability, and security) * The establishment, monitoring, and improvements in service levels and their achievement * Communication to Customers & Business managers on Service Levels. allow not conflict with Business Relationship Management process since this will alone if focus on Service Warranty * Manage, Negotiate & Document SLR & SLA* Develop & reexamination OLA* follow UC for ensure they are align with SLA* Influence improvement within SIP* Monitor service performance against SLA* Three types of SLA structures. Service Based, Customer Based & Multi Level/Hierarchical (Corporate, Customer & Service based agreements)3. provider Management* UC (Underpinning Contracts) SCMIS (Suppliers & Contracts Management culture System) * Activities* Definition of new supplier and contract requirements * Evaluation of new suppliers and contracts* Supplier and contract salmagundi and maintenance of the * SCMIS* Establishment of new suppliers and contracts* Supplier, contract, and performance management* Contract renewal or termination* Supplier Categorization* Supplier Management process activities are span across all states except Service Strategy4. Service Catalog Management* Include live service are services available for deployment (Customer-facing service and supportive services) * Service Catalog is a large part of the Service Portfolio. However, while the portfolio is pore on tracking the business requirements and the investments on a service, the Servic e Catalog is focused on the service solution and its delivery to the business * Service Catalog includes Business Service Catalog & Technical Service Catalog * Top Down approach is used when defining service catalog. (Business - Technical) 5. might Management* Maintain balance between Resources/Capabilities Vs Demand * Business aptitude Management & Service Capacity Management * Sub-Process of capacity management* Business* Service* Components* Activities* Performance Monitoring* Demand Management laconic term reactive activity* Application Sizing New or Changed service* Modeling anticipate future behaviors* Tuning* Capacity Planning* Capacity Management Information System6. Availability Management* Ensure that the level of availability delivered to all IT services matches the agreed need for availability or defined service level targets * Includes Reactive Activities (Monitoring, Incidents) & Proactive Activities (Planning, Design)* Measurements* Mean era Between Failures (MTBF) or Uptime* Mean Time to Restore Service (MTRS) or Downtime* Mean Time Between System Incidents (MTBSI)7. IT Service Continuity Management* Known as disaster recover excogitatening* Produce and maintain IT Service Continuity plan to support Business Continuity Plan * Business Impact Analysis (Quantify the loss) Risk Assessment (Identify likely failure signals) are considered when implementing strategy * Ongoing activities to make people aware about the recovery plan. Trainings, Reviews 8. Information certification Management* Information security is a critical part of the warranty of a service * Ensuring that the agreed business needs regarding the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the organizations assets information, data, and IT services are matched * Develop and maintain information security policy align with business security requirements * Security test schedules and plans.* Information Security Management Perspectives* Organizational* Procedural* Phy sical* Technical* Framework for Managing Information Security* Plan* put through* Control* Evaluate* MaintainService TransitionService Transition Processes1. Transition Planning and Support* Ensure proper attention is given to the boilers suit planning for servicetransitions and to coordinate the resources required to implement the new or changed service * Provide clear and comprehensive plans that enable customer and business change projects to align their activities with the service transition plans * The scope of transition planning and support concentrates on the resources, schedules, and budgets required to motility the IT service * To standardize methods and procedures used for efficient and prompt handling of all changes * A transition strategy will be constructed to define how all transitions will be managed within the organization based on the type and size of transitions expected in the environment 2. Knowledge Management* Maintain a Service Knowledge Management System (SKMS) that provides controlled access to knowledge, information, and data that is appropriate for each audience * DIKW Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom structure* Database to grab Data, Information and Knowledge but not Wisdom * Components of SKMS3. Service Asset and Configuration Management* Ensure that assets under the control of the IT organization are identified, controlled, and properly cared for throughout their lifecycle * Identify, control, record, report, audit, and verify services and other figure items (CIs), including versions, baselines, constituent components, their attributes, and relationships * Manage complete life cycle of CI* Activities* Planning Strategy, Policy, Objectives, CMDB Design * Identification What CI to be recorded & their relationships * Control* Status Accounting* Verification & Audit4. Change Management* Ensure that all changes to configuration items are recorded in the configuration management system * Optimize overall business risk. It isoft en correct to minimize business risk, but sometimes it is appropriate to knowingly put on a risk because of the potential benefit. * Types of changes* Normal Changes Need to go through all steps of change management process * Standard Changes Pre approved changes. Should be possible via service request. No need of RFC * speck Change* Steps* The RFC is logged.* An initial review is performed (to filter RFCs).* The RFCs are assessed and may require involvement of taxicab or ECAB. * Authorization of change builds and test by the Change Manager * Coordination of the build and test, e.g., work orders are issued for the * Build of the change (carried out by other groups)* Change Management authorizes deployment.* Change Management coordinates the deployment (with multiple checkpoints). * The change is reviewed (Post Implementation Review). * The change is closed.5. kindling and Deployment Management* Planning, scheduling, and controlling practices applied to the build, test, and depl oyment of releases * Define and agree Release and Deployment Management plans with customers and stakeholders * Four phases of release deployment management* Release & Deployment Planning* Release Build & Test* Deployment* Review & CloseService motionResponsible for the ongoing management of the technology that is used to deliver and support the services. Service Operation accepts the new, modified, retiring, or retired services fromService Transition, once the test and acceptance criteria have been met.Functions comical to Service Operations is the introduction of functions. While a defined function does have responsibilities in all stages of the Service Lifecycle, the majority of activities they performed are completed within the scope of Service operations. 1. Service Desk* Single point of contact between the services being provided and the users. A typical Service Desk will manage mishaps and service requests as well as communication with the users. Thus, the Service Desk staf f will execute the Incident Management and Request Fulfillment processes with the intent to restore normal-state service operation to users as quickly as possible * Minimize service outage day to day basis* Make sure that agreed services only provide to those who authorized * Structures* Local* Central* Virtual* Follow the Sun* Activities* Logging all request, prioritization, categorization and first level of investigation * Keep user informed about incident & outage* Customer satisfaction survey2. Technical Management* Custodian of technical knowledge and expertise related to managing the IT Infrastructure. It provides detailed technical skills and resources infallible to support the ongoing operation of the IT Infrastructure. * Plays an important role in providing the actual resources to support the IT Service Management lifecycle. It ensures that resources are effectively trained and deployed to design, build, and transition, operate, and improve the technology to deliver and s upport IT Services.3. IT Operations Management* Ongoing management and maintenance of an organizations ITinfrastructure. IT operations is the set of activities used in the day-after-day running of the IT infrastructure to deliver IT services at agreed levels to meet stated business objectives.IT Operation Control * IT Operation Control* Job Scheduling, Backup, Restore and Monitoring* Facilities Management* Data Centers, Recovery Sites, data processor Rooms4. Application Management* Application Management covers the entire ongoing lifecycle of an application, including requirements, design, build, deploy, operate, and optimize.Service Operation Processes1. outcome Management* Detecting Event, Understanding Event, Determining Appropriate Control Action * Three Types of events* Informational* Warning* censure* Populate SKMS with event information and history2. Incident Management* An unplanned interruption to an IT service or reduction in the quality of an IT service, or a failure of a CI that has not to that degree come toed an IT service * The purpose of Incident Management is not to prevent an incident, but to reduce its impact by restoring normal service operation as quickly as possible * Ensure that convertible methods and procedures are used for efficient and prompt response, analysis, documentation, ongoing management, and reporting of incidents * Incident Models Steps and procedures that should be used to manage previously seen and documented incidents * Steps* Order of Steps* Responsibilities Who should do what* Time scale/ room access* Escalation Procedures* Any necessary evidence/prevention actions* Activities* Identification* Logging All incidents regardless of source of that incident * Categorization* Prioritization* Impact + Urgency = Priority* Initial diagnosis* Escalation* Functional* Hierarchical* Investigation and Diagnosis* Resolution* Closure3. Problem Management* Concentrate on diagnosing the root cause of incidents and on determin ing the resolution to those problems. * Defines a problem as the underlying cause of one or more incidents4. Request Fulfillment* Form of changes that are small in nature, low risk, and low cost in its execution, and are frequently performed * Activities* Menu Selection* Financial Approval ex gratia* Other Approval Optional* Fulfillment* Closure5. Access Management* Effectively execute the policies in Information Security Management, modify the organization to manage the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of the organizations data and intellectual property.Continual Service Improvements* CSI is incessantly seeking ways to improve service effectiveness, process effectiveness, and cost effectiveness * Review, analyze, prioritize, and make recommendations on improvement opportunities in each lifecycle stage * Periodically conducting internal audits verifying employee and process compliance * Periodically conducting customer satisfaction surveys* Continual Service Improve ment Approach* CSI Register* Part of SKMS. And keep track of all improvements opportunities. * Anyone should be able to access and submit improvement points to CSI Register * IT politics has three main areas* Enterprise, Corporate, IT Governance* Types of Metrics* Technology Performance, Availability* Process KPI,* Service* Tension Metrics Resources, Features, Time ScheduleThe Deming cycle* Plan Design or revise business process components to improve results * Do Implement the plan and measure its performance* Check Assess the measurements and report the results to decision makers * Act Decide on changes needed to improve the processSeven Steps Improvement Process1. Identify Strategy for Improvements2. Define What You Will Measure3. Gather Data4. Process Data5. Analyze the information & data6. Present and use the information7. Implement Improvement